18 Korean Swear Words to Use With Caution

Language is a gateway to culture, and swear words are one of the most peculiar ways people express strong emotion, humor, or frustration. The Korean language is no exception—Korean swear words can reveal a lot about cultural values, social hierarchies, and even comedic styles. However, because Korean culture places a high emphasis on respect and politeness, dropping a curse word at the wrong time can lead to a serious social faux pas. That said, let’s dive into some of the most common Korean swear words, their pronunciation, and the context behind them.

A Quick Overview of Korean Language Etiquette

Before we jump into specific words, it’s important to understand why etiquette matters so much in Korea. In many Western cultures, swear words might be tossed around playfully among friends or even co-workers. In Korea, social hierarchies are far more pronounced. Age, status, and the setting of a conversation dictate how you should speak, from your level of formality to the specific phrases you use.

Remember, there are multiple speech levels in Korean—honorifics are used for people older than you or those who hold higher status. Swearing while using polite language is almost always jarring. It’s basically the linguistic equivalent of wearing a tuxedo to a beach party. Not a good mix.

Looking to practice Korean in a more relaxed way—without risking a cultural misstep? Give Tandem a try. You can chat with real Korean speakers and learn context-appropriate vocabulary before jumping into anything too intense.

18 Korean Swear Words and When to Use Them

Let’s get into the core of the topic: the Korean swear words themselves. We’ll list each word, a rough pronunciation guide, what it literally means, when it’s used, and why you might want to avoid using it. Get ready—some of these can be quite strong. While you’re at it, you might also want to explore more creative forms of put-downs with lighter impact, like certain Korean insults that carry a playful twist.

1. 씨발 (Ssi-bal)

• Pronunciation: “shee-bal” (with a short ‘ee’)
• Meaning: Essentially, the Korean equivalent of the F-bomb in English, used to express anger, frustration, or surprise.
• When to Use: If you’re with very close friends who are already using this word casually, and only if you’re absolutely sure it’s appropriate.
• When to Avoid: Pretty much everywhere else. Using it in public, formal settings, or around unfamiliar people can seriously damage your reputation.

2. 개새끼 (Gae-sae-kki)

• Pronunciation: “gae-say-kee”
• Meaning: Literally “dog’s offspring,” but similar to “son of a bitch” in English.
• When to Use: Almost never. Even in informal settings, it’s highly offensive.
• When to Avoid: Always, unless you want to start a serious fight.

3. 미친놈 / 미친년 (Mi-chin-nom / Mi-chin-nyeon)

• Pronunciation: “mee-chin-nom” / “mee-chin-nyun”
• Meaning: “Crazy guy” / “crazy girl.” Can be insulting or, among some friends, used jokingly.
• When to Use: If you’re 100% sure the person you’re addressing won’t be offended.
• When to Avoid: Any formal or polite situation, or around people you don’t know well.

4. 죽을래? (Ju-geul-lae?)

• Pronunciation: “joo-gool-lae?”
• Meaning: Literally “Do you want to die?”—a confrontational phrase.
• When to Use: Realistically, never, unless in extremely casual banter with friends who do not take it seriously.
• When to Avoid: Always, especially in serious contexts or public spaces.

5. 닥쳐 (Dak-chyeo)

• Pronunciation: “dak-chyuh”
• Meaning: “Shut up.”
• When to Use: Rarely, perhaps among very close friends who understand each other’s humor.
• When to Avoid: Work, formal settings, and basically anywhere you want to maintain respect.

6. 빌어먹을 (Bi-reo-meok-eul)

• Pronunciation: “bee-ruh-muh-gool”
• Meaning: An old-fashioned way to say “damn it” or “cursed be.”
• When to Use: More common in historical dramas or older contexts. Not really used by younger Koreans.
• When to Avoid: Modern, everyday conversation. It can sound dramatic or archaic.

7. 멍청이 (Meong-cheong-i)

• Pronunciation: “muhng-chung-ee”
• Meaning: “Idiot” or “fool.”
• When to Use: Somewhat playful insult among close friends.
• When to Avoid: Strangers, superiors, or anyone who might take offense.

8. 지랄 (Ji-ral)

• Pronunciation: “jee-rahl”
• Meaning: Ranges from “nonsense” to stronger insults, depending on context.
• When to Use: Very informal situations with people you know very well.
• When to Avoid: Public, work, or around those you owe respect.

9. 돌아이 (Dol-ai)

• Pronunciation: “dol-eye”
• Meaning: “Crazy person,” often used somewhat humorously, but can also be offensive.
• When to Use: Very informally among close friends who won’t misunderstand.
• When to Avoid: Formal settings or with anyone you’re not comfortable joking around with.

10. 좆같다 (Jot-gat-da)

• Pronunciation: “jot-gat-da”
• Meaning: Literally “like a penis,” but used to mean “this sucks” or “this is awful.”
• When to Use: Rarely, and only in extremely casual, edgy contexts.
• When to Avoid: Almost always, as it’s quite vulgar.

11. 썅놈/썅년 (Ssyang-nom/Ssyang-nyeon)

• Pronunciation: “ssyang-nom / ssyang-nyun”
• Meaning: More intense versions of “jerk” or “bastard” (male/female specific).
• When to Use: Hardly ever. These are highly offensive.
• When to Avoid: Public, formal, or any setting where you’d like to avoid confrontation.

12. 호로새끼 (Ho-ro-sae-kki)

• Pronunciation: “ho-ro-sae-kki”
• Meaning: Roughly means “bastard,” similar in impact to 개새끼.
• When to Use: Essentially never, unless you want a major fight.
• When to Avoid: Everywhere. It’s extremely insulting.

13. 좆도 모르다 (Jot-do mo-reu-da)

• Pronunciation: “jot-do mo-reu-da”
• Meaning: Literally “knows nothing, not even a penis,” used to say someone “doesn’t know squat.”
• When to Use: Very informal banter, mostly among younger people.
• When to Avoid: Any environment where respect is required.

14. 바보 (Ba-bo)

• Pronunciation: “bah-bo”
• Meaning: A mild term for “stupid” or “silly,” less harsh than 멍청이.
• When to Use: Sometimes used playfully between friends or toward kids in a teasing way.
• When to Avoid: If there’s any chance someone might take offense.

15. 썩 꺼져 (Sseok kkeo-jyeo)

• Pronunciation: “ssuk kkuh-jyuh”
• Meaning: “Get lost” or “Go away,” in a very rude manner.
• When to Use: Only with very close friends in a joking context, if at all.
• When to Avoid: Most social or professional situations, as it’s quite abrupt and disrespectful.

16. 젠장 (Jen-jang)

• Pronunciation: “jen-jang”
• Meaning: Similar to “damn” or “darn it,” an older exclamation.
• When to Use: If you want a softer expletive that sounds old-fashioned.
• When to Avoid: Modern, everyday speech if you’re aiming for a contemporary vibe.

17. 엿먹어라 (Yeot-meo-geo-ra)

• Pronunciation: “yeot-muh-guh-ra”
• Meaning: Literally “eat taffy,” but actually means something like “screw you.”
• When to Use: Rarely. Occasionally seen in memes or comedic contexts.
• When to Avoid: Direct confrontation or polite company.

18. 에라이 (E-rai)

• Pronunciation: “eh-rye”
• Meaning: An exclamation expressing frustration or annoyance, somewhat milder but can be considered rude.
• When to Use: Very casual or comedic settings, like muttering to yourself.
• When to Avoid: Anywhere formality is expected.

When Swearing in Korean Might Be (Somewhat) Acceptable

Swear words aren’t always used maliciously. In some cultures, a mild curse word can even serve as a term of endearment among very close friends. The same might be true in certain Korean social circles, but the context is crucial. If you find yourself looking for more casual expressions, consider discovering popular Korean slang that’s still more polite than outright cursing.

• Close Friend Groups: Some young adults might casually throw around words like 씨발 in a joking manner. But if you’re an outsider, using these words could be seen as you overstepping boundaries.
• Emotional Moments in Dramas or Movies: You’ll hear swear words in K-dramas, especially during intense scenes. This is a good opportunity to understand how and why these words are used, but it doesn’t mean you should mimic them in real life.
• Comedic Routines: Sometimes comedians use swear words for shock value or comedic effect, just as they do in other countries.

Always Watch and Listen First

Because Korean culture is built on nuanced social hierarchies, you’ll want to observe how native Koreans use (or don’t use) these words in various settings. Swearing might be acceptable among close-knit friends who grew up together, but it might be offensive if it comes from someone outside that inner circle. Basically, read the room.

To deepen your understanding of conversational Korean, you might also want to look beyond swear words. For instance, exploring Korean idioms can give you insight into how native speakers express ideas more poetically, while tapping into the cultural nuances behind everyday speech.

How to Avoid Offense (and What to Say Instead)

Even if you know these words, you may not want to use them. But what if you’re angry or frustrated and really want to express it? Here are some more polite ways to show annoyance or anger without resorting to heavy swearing:

• 아이씨 (Ai-ssi): A mild exclamation that can mean something like “Oh, come on!”
• 아이고 (Aigo): An exclamation that conveys frustration or exasperation but is not offensive.
• 진짜 (Jinjja) / 정말 (Jeongmal): Both mean “really” or “seriously,” often used to express disbelief or mild annoyance.

If you’re seeking more refined or uplifting expressions, check out some beautiful Korean words. They can help you balance out your vocabulary and avoid getting stuck in negative speech patterns.

Wrapping Up with Caution

Korean swear words can be intriguing, especially if you’re a language nerd who loves diving into every nook and cranny of a culture’s vocabulary. These words do more than express anger; they reflect cultural norms, social hierarchies, and sometimes a playful sense of humor among friends.

However, don’t assume that just because you understand the literal meaning of these words, you can whip them out whenever you like. Take into account age, setting, and the relationship you have with the person you’re talking to. A swear word among friends might be a term of endearment—or it might end a friendship if misused.

Here’s a quick recap:

1. Context is King: Knowing when (and if) to use these words is more important than just memorizing them.
2. Start Polite: Korean culture has a strong emphasis on formality and respect. Play it safe and stay polite.
3. Observe and Learn: Watch K-dramas, variety shows, and real-life interactions to see how Koreans use (or avoid) these words.
4. Choose Softer Alternatives: If you’re upset, there are mild expressions that convey annoyance without outright offending someone.
5. Practice with Native Speakers: The best way to learn the nuances is to engage with people who speak Korean, but always remain respectful.

Finally, remember that language is a living, breathing entity. Meanings evolve, new slang emerges, and cultural norms shift. Stay curious and open-minded. By doing so, you won’t just learn words—you’ll gain a deeper insight into the Korean way of life. Good luck, study hard, and remember: with great swear words comes great responsibility!

Once you’ve explored these expressions—both polite and profane—take the next step in your language journey by connecting with real people on Tandem. It’s a safe space to learn, practice, and get feedback directly from native speakers.